Firearm.



T.' F. HARTIGAN.

FIREARM APPLCATION FILED JUNE 30,1914.

IN V NTOR.

/uqw A ORNEY.

WITNESSES: WL M1 I.v F. IIARIIGAIII.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED IuNE 3o. I9I4.

Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

l T. F. HARTIGN.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION F1LED1uNE30.1914.

` moms r. nnnrremfor enana, New Yo .assrenon or ONE- IBERNINGER, 0FGHENT, NEW YORK.

Hammam.k y

' Be it known that I, THOMAS F.. HARTIGAN,

val citizen of the United States, residing at Ghent, in the county ofColumbia -and State of New York, 'have invented' a new y and ImprovedFirearm, of which the folllowing is a specification.`

My -invention relates more especially to that class of firearms in whichthe cartridge is automatically y placed 'inl iiring position and inwhich the shell Ais automatically ejected, and an object of myinvention, among others, i's toproduce a fire arm of this class thatshall be extremely durable and particularly eiicient in its method ofoperation.

One `form of firearm embodyingmy in'- ventio'n and in theconstructionand usev of i Awhich tlie objectsv hereinv set. out, as wellas others, may be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings,in' which-'- Figure 1 is a view in. side elevation .of a firearmlembodying my invention. Fig. 2` is View in lengthwise central sectionthrough a portion of the device (scale enlarged) and illustrating theoperating mechanism. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, looking in theopposite direction, with someof `the parts shown in section in thatigure illustrated in full, and the automatic safety' being removed'.Fig. 4' is a'top` View of the firearm i. as illustrated *iny Figs. 2 and3, with vparts :.broken away 'to showronstruction. Fig. V5.

., a portion of is a view -in cross sectionl on plane denoted by dottedline 5-5' of Fig.vv 2. Fig. 6 is a similar lview on plane denoted bydotted line p -Gof Fig. 2. Fig-7 is a similarview on plane denoted bydotted linev7.-7 of Fig.'2. Fig. 8 is a similar view on plane denoted bydotted line 8-'8 o'Fig.' 2. Fig. 9 is a detail A.

bottomlview of the breech-bolt carrier 'and Abarrel support.y Fig. 10'isa view in longitudinal section on plane denoted by dotted line 10h-10 ofFig: 3. Fig. 11. is' a detailv View showing the means for en aging the vswinging member of the breech lock with v the barrel support; Fig. 12isa side view of the gun with parts broken away .A

to show construction, the breech-bolt being moved' backwardly to nearlyits rearward position. Fig. 13 is 'a detail perspective 1 view showingthe breech-bolt carrier and.

carrier bolt. 14 is a vdetail perspective view of the breech-bolt.lFig..15 is a' detail.

perspective .view of the' magazinel spring.

Sipeoicaton Avof Letters Patent.

16, islocate l' said cavity, the stop being normally spacedPateateaapaa, 1ere.

` Application mea :une so,- 1914. sel-mino. 848,179.-

. invention herein, but I ldo not limit my invention to its presence inla firearm of the partlcular lpattern herein shown.

.Inthe accompanying drawings the numeral 12 denotes vthestock4 and 13the frame or receiver of my improved firearm or gun that may be securedtogether in any suitable manner, as by means of tangsli, the nd of thestock being located between lthe tangs and securedthereto as by screwsor other fastening means. The frame or rel751 ceiver 13, composed 'ofany suitable metal,

fextends from the stock for a suitable distance to afford a supportforthe barrel 15 and other appurtenant'parts of the gun, and

side at its forward end. Y l

- A barrel Vsupport 17 is located in the i a recess 16 eXtendslengthwise in the frame vand from 1ts top to a'point near its under solupper part of the recess 16 and is removably.

secured to the frame, :ribs 18` extending lengthwise along the sides ofsaid support land in grooves in the side walls ofthe recess 16. Thebarrel 15` is rigidly securedto its support in any suitable manner, asbymeans of interengaging. screw threaded parts, or

they maybe formed of asingle piece. A stop 19 projecting-from the underside of the barrel sucpport into a cavity in the. recess to engage anend wall 20 of a slight distance away from said end wall, thuspermittingl the barrel-support to have a limlted sliding. movementuponthe frame for a purpose to be hereinafter described.

,Ayholding'catch 21, spring pressed' in one direction, 'is pivotallymounted in the frame ieo `with one end normally located'to securethebarrel support in place and prevent its un' A intentional removalfromthe frame.

A. breech-holt carrier 22 is .supported v by thel frame, being removablysecured within the sidewalls of said frame' and l0- cated underneath thebarrel support, whichtwo parts rest preferabl one against the other, andare nearly` o the same length. A projection 23 from the-.bottom at the.front end of said carrier has a hole to receive a springv supportingrod 24 that is ing against shoulders27 formedat the inner endV of vtherecess 16. Abreechbolt-closing spring49 is supported on the rod 24; I

lAvbreech-bolt- 29 is pivotally secured near. the rear end of thebreech-bolt carrier, and' a carrier bolt 28 is formedl rigid and prefer`.to ride upthe breech-bolt openingcam 43,

ably integral with the carrier and is located `back of the breech-bolt,said bolts beinglo# Vcated in a breech-'bolt :chamber .30.. This chamberextends through the 'barrelsupport l 'and breech-bolt carrier, :and apinSliforms f the pivotal support for. the breech-bolt.` Ay j'. ring piny32, springl pressed ,backwardly,'

isloca'ted in the breech-'bolt,fand. a 'striker-33 is movably mounted inthe carrier lbolt 28.5 An ejector 34 is slida-bly .mountedin the lowerpart of the breech-bolt, andhas slots/ -l Q 3 5-36, the former receivingthe pivot'pinl of 'the' breech-bolt and the latter a pin form? ing asupport for thev ejectorv vagainst which.- an ejector spring 37-presses, the opposite end 'of saidspring pressing against one end 'ofthe slot 36,@ This mechanism forces the-'ejecof the,

torv normally forward and against ,av cartridge -38 vin thecartridgefchamber 39;' -j 'An extractor .40 .is pivotallym'ounted at thetopf breech-bolt: 29, a lspring. normally Aorcingthe vlip-4101itheeXtractor into con- I tactwith the flange on thecar'tridge shell. l`f An -opening'from the breech-bolt chamber 3() isformed. th-'rnighjthe`top of the frame,

extending preferably'to the forwardlend I f thereof, .a4 breech-boltopening cam'43 being formed at the side'of the vframe on an edge ofsaidopening to receive a breech-bolt o ening'stud 44extending fromV thesideo the breech-bolt, this stud being-preferably 'vextended, as shownin.Fi-g.`4, slightly beyond'- the side of the frame to form a handle forthe manual operation of the breech-bolt.` A

slot 42 extends from said opening to receive v the stop 45, strikingagainst the upper'wall .of this recess, acting to limit the pivotalmovement of thebreechbolt v29.A A lip on the lower edge of this'projection extends be' yond the endvof'the firing pin in position tolengagethe beveled" vforward. end of the,y striker and so position Ritthat it cannot strikethe fringpin byH reason of the swing- B0- Aingmovement of the breech-bolt and-thus' accidentally explode vavcartridge.

. The operation of the parts thus far described is as follows, it beingnoted that by pressing the thumb piece of the catch 21 in? ward, the`barrel support and breech-bolt Al stop 45 projects from the lower rearpart of the breech-bolt into a. vbreech-bolt recess 46 rin'the carrierloolt'28,I

carrier be removed from the frame, a' cam 47 on the side of the framecausing thestud- 44 to automatically rise and thus not simultaneously.vbackward until the-stop`19 strikes the end Wall-20 of the cavity in thexframe, whenthis movement is arrested,

Thismovement causes the breech-bolt stud the movement of thebreech-bolt,during this time, having been retarded by reason of its having beensecurelylocked against backward movement independently ofV the' barrelsupport `by reason of the stud 44 engaging the] shoulders 48l`constituting breech-bolt holders' on said support.` This operation11nlocks the breech-bolt that is now free 'to be *forced backwardly bythe explosion of gases within thebarrel. ThE breech-bolt. and itscarrier'l now move backwardly, compressing tthe breech-bolt closingvspring, vt-he breechbolt stud '44. passing along the groove 42.

The extractor '40 4pulls theshell from the cartridge chamber, and assoon as the shell isout of the chamber the ejector spring 37 forces theejector forwardand snaps the jshell out through the opening toVthe'breechbolt'jchamber.A As soon as-the backward spring 49' returns thebreech-bolt carrier and pivoted breech-bolt'inthis movement striking'thebarrel support and thus returning it toits normal position-.- It willbe noted that in order to openthe. breech-bolt chamber the breech-bolt29 must move upwardly, thus -4 placing the vfiring 'pin out'of line withthe Astriker 33 sot-hat it vwill be impossiblefor a Amovement .of the-`parts 4is completed' then cartridge to be explodedby a movement of.l

said striker, as by accidental- `-operation of the hammeror otherwise,when the breechbolt-chamber is open.

A magazinev chamber 50is lformed'in'- the l i l' frame V13 vimmediatelyunderneath. the'v vbreechilpolt'fchamber, this'magazine chamber s beinglof a"size[t o receive the cartridgesBS,

preferably located 4in; two rows, .as shown'fin Fig. .6 5 ofthedrawings; `A cover 51- '(prefer-k ably pivoted) closestthe lower end of''themagazine chamber, and maybe held in place as by vai: spring f catch521; The Imovable fol- 'lower4 53 "of the vmagazine chamber, upon.

which'glthe "cartridges rest, isv pressed up# wardly .by a followerspring 54ofr'peculiar.

construction that vcausesfthefollower 531to always'maintain a positionmost v:favorable to accurate feed of the cartrid es to the car- -when inthe magazine chamber. This spring consists of bottom and top supports 55joinedy 0 pin.

ing bent at angles and passed into the open-V ings formed by thecoils-57. When. one or more arms are employed, the supports will beformed as above described and the several4 'arms will be joined by coilsina manner that will vbe readily understood from the above description.The operation of these parts of the magazine will be readilyimderstoodby those skilled in the art.

An indicator to denote the number of cartridges in the magazine consistsof an indicator slide 79 mounted in the side of the frame and havingnumerals arranged to show through an opening 80. An indicator pinprojecting from the side ofthe follower of the magazine, in a mannersimilar to that shown and described with respectv to the lever actuatingpin 76 hereinafter mentioned, engages this slidemoving it upwardly asthe follower moves upward, thus displaying a numeral that will denotethe number of cartri'dges inthe magazine. In the .construction hereinshown the magazine is illustrated as formed directly in the frame, but,it will be understood that with slight vmodification the magazinechamber 50 may be constructed tov receive a removable magazine in amanner common to guns of this class. I

A hammer 58 is pivotally'mounted in a vchamber59Y formed in the frame,`this hammer beingvlocatedto strike the end of the striker 33 .and forceit against thef1ring A vhammer actuator 65, as l,herein shown in theformk of `a lever, is pivotally mounted in the chamber 59, one endengaging the hammer and its opposite end passing into an opening-in a.trigger frame 60 mounted upon a pivot 61 in the chamber 59, as clearlyshown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, a. trigger 62 extending from 'the lowerend of the trigger frame and within a trigger guard 63.

A detent 64 is pivotally mounted in the trigger frame, its lower endhaving'a nose adapted to underlie one end of the hammer actuator65, thelatter being forced in a direction to move the hammer into firingposition by a hammer spring 66, one end of which rests against the lever65 and the other end against a compressing lever A67 pivotally mountedin the 'trigger frame.

Theend of the lever 67 opposite th'e spring, presses against the detent64 and causes it to be forced into contact with the hammer actuatinglever 65. It will be'noted from this construction that the spring 66serves the double purpose of a hammer spring and 35 of a spring to holdthe detent in engagement with the hammer actuating lever. A trip lever68 is pivotally mounted in the trigger frame, one end of the lever beingpressed upwardly, as by a spring, into engagement with the actuatorlever 65. This trip lever has a trip 69 positioned to engage the nose onthe detent 64 and remove it from engagement with the lever. 65, therebyallowing the latter to swing under the iniuence of the hammer spring 66.

An automatic -safety 70 is pivotally mounted in the frame with a nose 7llocated in the path of movement ofthe trip lever 68. A grip projection72 from this safety extends above the stock in position to be engaged bythe thumb of the user of the gun to ope-rate the safety to permit thetrigger to be moved. ln the operation of this mechanism, the triggerframe being swung on the pivot 61, all the parts mounted on said frameare moved in a circular path with said pivot as a center. The hammeractuating lever 65 being engaged at one end with the detent 64, suchmovement of the compressing lever 67 and hammer spring 66 compressessaid spring thus putting the lever 65 under tension, and the continuedmovement increases 'the tension of said spring. This movementcarries'the trip 69 aga-inst the nose of the detent 64 finallydisengaging the latter fromY the lever 6,5.which at this moment-has beenplaced underenough tension to cause the hammer to hit theA striker witha force suiicient to explode 4a cartridge. Another function for thespring 66 is now seen, and that is, its pressure.. upon the compressinglever 67 secured to the trigger frame, causes said frame, andthe trigger62, to be moved back to their normal positions', in which movement acooking pm 73 secured tothe trigger frame engages the lever 65 and movesit and the hammer to their cocked positions. It will. thus be seen thatthe spring 66 serves many purposes, not the least of which are itsfunctions to throw the hammer forwardand also, through the action of thetrigger frame, to recock the hammer. It will lbe seen that thearrangement of this mecha- `msm 1s such as to prevent a. repeat orsecond immediate and unintentional discharge of the gun shouldthetrigger not be instantaneously released. At the time the trip 69disengages the 'nose of the detent 64 from the hammer actuating lever'65 a space has been created between said detent-and lever. Upon suchdisengagement the action ofthe hammer spring 66, forcing the rear end ofthe lever downward, causes said lever to force the trip lever 68downward and move the trip 69 below and out of engagement with' the noseof the detent 64. The lower end-of said detent now immediately swingsforward under the influence of the compressing lever 67 and hammerspring 66, over the top ofthe trip 69,l that is thus held by the nose ofthe detent from] movingin front of it. Should thetrigger.

be held in this position, the movement of y the breech-bolt will causethe hammer 58 to- 'Y @be thrown backward and the rear end ofthe v lever65 upward into position to permit the.

nose of the detent 64 to rengage the lever arid thus hold it in itscocked position. l

A breech-bolt retaining and carrier locking. lever' 74 is pivotallymounted in the frame at its forward end, a spring 75 at this end ofthelever forcing its rear end normally downward. A lockingI lever actuatingpin 76 is secured to the o of the magazine chamber in position to engagethe-lever 74 upon the last cartridge in -`the magazine being place'd inthe cartridge chamber y39. This causes said locking lever to be forcedupwardly at its rear end, to place it in the path 'of movement-of ashoulder 77 on 'the breech-bolt carrier. As the breechbolt carrier movesbackward at f this time under the force of the exploded cartridge thespring 'underneath the follower of the magazine chamber will permit thecarrier -locking lever to yield -sufficiently to allow 'such movement,said spring 54, however,

immediately returningthe lever into the path, of movementof the shoulder77 on the breech-bolt carrier whichis thus held at the backward limit ofits play, and the breech-boltchamber is thus opened. lThis enables oneto instantly determine when the last4 cartridge has vbeen removed fromthe magazine and whether or not it has been fired,as a glance at thelocking lever opv erati'ng pin 78' projecting through the side of orlocking'andcocking lever `81 pivotally mounted in the side part of theframe and extending 'over the Ahammer actuating lever 65, that, whenpressed down upon said lever, prevents the latterfrom rising to operatethe hammer. -A safety rod 82 projects lengthwise Within the frame andhas a cam. -83 on its end adapted to operate against the end of thebreech-bolt retaining and carrier locking lever 74 to raise it. wheneverthe.

safety rod isrotated in one direction and to permit said lever to fallwhen the safety rod is rotated 'in the opposite direction. In theconstruction of cam-herein shown vthe-end of the safety rod, which isround, is cut,- away forming a lat'surface against which v the gripprojection llower 53V the carrier locking lever rests. A safety rod, andwhen its end is swung downwardly it is interposed in the-path ofmovement of 72 on the safety 70, preventing 'the gun from bein fired. It'willbe noted that t is placing of the safety lock in front of saidsafety has caused the safety rod 82 to be rotated to raise the carrierllocking lever, and thus lock lock 84 is secured to the end of the safetyY accidentally v the. breech-bolt carrier against opening movement, thisby reason of engagement of a shoulder 85 o-n the end of said lever witha locking shoulder 86 in the rear end of the breech-bolt carrier.4 Thesafety rod 82 is cut-away on one side as at 87 within which recess thusformed the'c'ocking and locking lever 81 may rest to permit movement o fthe hammer actuating lever 65. As the safety rod is rotated however, tobring its full portion against the safety bar the latter is presseddownward against` the hammer ac-y tuating lever, thus preventing itsmovement.

' .The shoulder 85 and shoulder 86 at the end of the breech-bolt carrierare beveled sufficiently to permit such parts to disengage when theyareheld only under the force of the follower spring 54 of the magazine,the construction, however, being suiiicient to lock the breech-boltcarrierI against `movement when said lever is locked. When the carrieriocking lever 74 is forced upward by the follower spring 54, as thebreech-bolt carrier is moved backward, the end of this lever isforcedinto a recess 88 in the breech.

bolt carrier and thus into the path of movement of the shoulder 77formed at one end o f said recess.

A safety tail 89 upon the trip .lever 68 is located back of the detent64 to prevent its accidental disengagement from the hammer actuatinglever 65. This tail is s uliciently long to be carried against an upperwall of the chamber 59 by the trigger :frame in its pivotal movement,this .engagement of the' tail with the wall ofthe chamber insuring' thedisengagement of the trip from the detent to enable the latter to moveover the top cof thev trip in position to instantly; reengage the'.hammer actuating lever should this disengagement of the detent and tripsaid actuating lever.

lIn order to insure the retention of the breech-b01tinl place andprevent its being forced vout by the expanding. gases, lugs 90 areformed on'its opposite sides to engagegrooves 491 formed in thesidewalls of the breech-boltv chamber in the barrel support, these lugsbeingproperly curved on their upper and; under surfaces to. engage f thenot have 4been caused'by the operation of upper andund'er' walls of saidgrooves in any position in' which the vbreech-bolt may -be placed bymovement vupon'its pivot. My improved firearm hasspecijal advam rimessatage in those features that enable it to be.

may be required by reason of misiire or hangl fire due to defectiveprimers or otherl causes. It will be noted that this result may beaccomplished in diderent ways. 'ln one method -of operation, the hammerbeing down and consequently held against for- `ward movement action ofthe spring 66 upon the hammer actuating lever 65 will be in a reversedirection from its action in firing and this will move the hammer to itscocked position and'in 'this operation the detent 64C performs an activepart, its nose engaging the beveled lower rear end of said actuatinglever to impart an initialaccelerating movement thereto. thus acts in adouble capacity in this operation; by pressing directly upon theactuating lever that resists this pressure, it imparts movement throughthe compressing lever 67 -to the detent for the purpose described. It

will be understood that this function of the detent, in the recockingoperation, is in addition to that hereinbefore described with respectto-the cooking pin' 78 that is moved against the actuating lever in theswinging movement of the trigger. method 0f operation pressure of thelocking and cooking lever 8l will recock the harnmer, and'this may beeffected manually by direct pressure upon the lever 8l in differentways, one of which, as shown herein may be by actuating the safety lock84 through the safety rod 82, when said safety lock is turned to thesafety position, the rod pressing the safety bar downward, as hereinbe.-fore described, and this movement forces the hammer .actuating leverdownwardly and recocks the hammer. These methods of cooking the hammerare of special advantage in that it is not necessary to open the breechby manual operation of the breechbolt to accomplish the purpose.l

lt will be noted that the rotation o f the safety rod to its safetyposition prevents accidental discharge of the firearm in severaldifferent ways. By pressing the locking and cooking lever 8l against thehammer actuating lever 65 said lever is pressed downward. recocking thehammer, as hereinbefore described, and said lever is held in thisposition and prevented from operation should the trigger beintentionally or accidentally moved. y In addition to holding thelocking and cooking lever, the operation of the safety lock Se alsopresses the carrier locking lever 74 into the recess in the breech-boltcarrier thus locking the breechbolt against movement. and this operationof the safety lock also moves the nose 7l on the locking lever intoengagement with the trip lever 68 thus preventing move- The vspring 66.

ln another.

ment of the trigger frame and its component parts.

In order to obtain uniform expansion and contraction of the differentparts, and especially as to the barrel`support, breech-bolt carrier andframe, by guarding against an uneven heating of said parts, I providefor the circulation of air for the` purpose of reducing the temperatureand thus retard the heating of parts, and especially the barrel supportand said carrier. ln the construction herein shown a set of corrugations92 are formed between the barrel support and the frame, extendinglengthwise of the structure and another set of corrugations 93 areformed between said parts, extending I crosswise, some of thecorrugations of one set opening into some of the corrugations of theother set. Likewise aset of lengthwise corrugations 94 and a set ofcrosswise corrugations 95 are formed between the breechbolt carrierandthe barrel support, the corruga-tions .of one set opening into thecorrugations of another set and also the corrugations between the barrelsupport and' frame, ,in some instances, communicating Y with thosebetween the breech-bolt carrier and barrel'support. These corrugationsare alsol formed to open into that part of the recess 16 containing thebreech-boltireturning spring. In the action of the parts this recess.will be reduced in area as the ,pro-

jection 28 movesbackwardly ywith the breech-bolt carrier, with a resultthat the heated air will be'eXpelled from this-recess,

and as said projection moves forward the areav of ythe recess will beincreased and' early part of its backward movement, means for lockingthe breech-bolt to said retarding means, means for pivotally moving`.the breech-bolt to release it-from said retarding means to permit itto complete its backward movement, and means forreturning thebreech-bolt to its closed position.

2. A- irearm including a frame, a pivotally mounted breech-boltotherwise movably supported by the frame to be actuated by the explosiveforces, a member interposed `directly in the path of backward movementof a part of the breech-bolt. (turing the early period of such movement,means for locking the breech-bolt to said interposed member, means forpivotally moving the breechbolt to disengage it from said membertopermit it to complete its backward movement,.and means for returning thebreechy y thereon by the forces of explosion, an obstruction interposedin the path of backward bolt to its closed position.

3. A firearm including a frame, a member movably mountedv on the frameto: be actuated' by the recoil forces, a Apivotally mounted breech-boltoperatively connected with said member, lmeans for locking thebreech-bolt against backward movement in dependently of other parts ofthe fire'arm, means influenced. by the backward movement of said movablemember .to-pivotally operate lthe breech-bolt to l*unlock it, and

means for returning the forward position.

4. -A firearm including a framea member movably mounted on the frame, acarrier,

breech-bolt to its a breech-bolt pivotally-mounted on said c arrier andoperatively connected with vsaid member, means for locking the-breech-bolt against backward movement independently of said member,means influenced by the Y backward movement of'said movablel member` topivotally move the breech-bolt to unlock it, and means for returning thecarrier and breech-bolt to its closed position.l 5.. A firearm includinga frame, a member movably mounted onv the frame, a pivotally mountedbreech-bolt otherwise movably mountedwith said member, the,latter havinga part interposed directly across the path ,of movement ofa part of thebreechbolt to' obstruct its backwardv movement,

means iniuenced by said member in its backward movement to pivotallymove the breech-bolt and thus .remove said member as 'an obstruction tothe backward movement ofthe breech-bolt, and means forl returning thebreech-bolt to its closed position.l

6. A firearm including a frame, 'a movably mounted member on the frame,a pivotally mounted breech-bolt'otherwise movably mounted with saidmember, the latter having a part interposed directly in the pathv ofmovement of a part of the breech-bolt to obstruct its backward movementindependently of-said member, means influenced by said member in itsbackward movement to pivotally move the breech-bolt to remove 'it fromsuch obstruction and permit backward movement of the breech-boltindependently of saidmember, and means for returning the breech-bolt toits closed position.

7. A firearm including a frame', a pivotally mounted breech-boltsupported by theframe andv otherwise movable thereon, an obstructionmovably mounted on the frame and interposed in the path of backwardmovement of a part of the breech-bolt tc prevent such movementindependently of such obstruction, means to pivotally move the,breech-bolt to pass said obstruction, and

movement of the breech-bolt to prevent such movement independently ofsuch obstruc- 1 tion, said bolt being constructed to engage said cam toswingit pivotally to pass said obstruction, and means for returning the`breech-bolt to its closed position.

9. A firearm including a frame, a member movably mounted on the frame tobe actuafted byA the recoil forces, a pivotally mounted breech-boltsupported by the frame v and otherwise movable by the explosive forces,an obstruction interposed directly across the path of backward movementof.

the breech-bolt but movable therewith, means for pivotally swinging thebreech-bolt to l'cause it to pass said obstrjuctiomand means forreturning the breech-bolt to its forward position.

l0. A firearm including a frame, a memvber movably mounted lon the frameto be acf -tuated by the recoil forces, a breech-bolt pivotally mountedon said member to be actuated by the explosive forces, said memberbeing. interposed in the path of backward movement ofthe breech `boltand movable therewith, means to swing the breech-bolt v 'on its pivotto'remove it from engagement erated by the 'recoilforces, a breech-boltpiv- .otally `mounted on said member to be actuated by the explosiveforces, meansto limitthe backward' movement of, said member, means to-pivotally move said breech-bolt to disengage it vfrom said member, andmeans for returning the breech-bolt to its closed position. v

12. A irearm'including a lframe, a member movably mounted on the framefor movement by recoil forces, means for limiting the backward movementof said member, a breech-bolt .pivotally mounted on said -vmember, meansfor preventing backward movement of the breech-bolt independently ofsaid member, said frame having a cam interposed in the path of movementof the breech-bolt to pivotally move it to release it from engagementwith said member, and means for returning the breech-bolt to its closedposition. v

. 13. A firearm including av frame, a breechbolt-pivotally supported bythe frame to be operated by the explosive forces, means actuated by therecoil forces to otherwise move the breech-bolt, holding means for the'l breech-bolt, movably mounted means for support movably mounted on theframe to be actuated by the recoil forces, a breech-bolt carrier movablympunted in the frame., a breech-bolt movably mounted on the carrier,said support having a part interposed as an obstruction to the path or"backward movement of the breech-bolt, means for releasing thebreech-bolt from said obstruction to permit its backward movement andthat of the carrier, and means for returning the carrier andbreech-bolt'to their normal positions.

15. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted on theframe to be actuated by the recoil forces, a breechbolt carrier movablymounted on the frame, said support having a part interposed as anobstruction to the backward movement of the breech-bolt, means forreleasing the breech-bolt from said obstruction, and a single means forreturning the breech-bolt to y its closed position and said support toits forward position.

16. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support removably secured tothe frame and movable thereon 'by the recoil forces, a breech-boltpivotally mounted and movable by said support, the latter .having a partinterposed as an obstruction to the backward movement of thebreech-boltindependently thereof, means coperating with the support inits backward movement to render said obstruction ineffective, and meansfor returnp ing the breech-bolt to its closed position.

17. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support removably secured tothe frame. a breech-bolt carrier movably mounted on said support andattached thereto, a breech-bolt movably mounted on the carrier, saidsup- ,port having an obstruction located in the path of movement of thebreech-bolt to prevent its backward movement independently of thesupport, means to -move thel breechbolt to permit it to `pass saidobstruction, and means for returning the breech-bolt to its closedposition.

18. .A fire arm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted onthe frame to be actuated by the recoil forces, means for limiting thebackward movement of said support, 'a breech-bolt carrier mounted on thesupport, a breech-bolt pivotally mounted on the carrier, said supporthaving an ob- .struction interposed in the path of backward mov'emeritof the breech-bolt.independently of the support, means for moving thebreechbolt to permit it to pass said obstruction, and

'i the other,

a single means for returning the breech-bolt to its closed position andthe support to its forward position.

19. A firearm including a frame, a barrel Support movably mounted on theframe to be actuated by the recoil forces, a breech-bolt pivotallymounted and movable by said support, the latter having an obstructioninterposed in the path of backward movement of' the breech-boltindependently thereof, means coperating with said support in itsbackward movement to render said obstruction ineffective, means toreturn the breech-boltA to its closed position, and a member on thesupport to receive the force of the returning means to'move the supportto its forward position.

-tion ineffective, a spring to return the carrier to its forwardposition, and means upon the barrel support to receive the thrust ofsaid carrier to return said support to its forward position. A

21. A firearm including a frame, a carrier bolt and a breech-boltmovably mounted on the frame and one movable independently of meansmovable simultaneously with said movable bolt to retard the back-' wardmovement of the breech-bolt, means to move one bolt independently of theother to disengage itfrom said retarding means, and means for returningthe breech-bolt to its closed position.

22. A firearm including a frame, a carrier bolt and a'breech-boltmovably mounted on the frame, one of said bolts being also pivotallysupported, means movable simultaneously with the breech bolt forretarding its movement, meansv for swinging the pivoted section todisengage it from said retarding means, and means for moving the bolt toits closed position.

V23. A firearm including a'frame, a breechbolt carrier-movably mountedon the frame, said carrier including al carrier bolt afHXed thereto, abreech-bolt pivotally mounted on the carrier, means to retard thebackward movement of the carrier, means to swing the breech-bolt todisengage-it from said retarding means, and means for returning thecai'- rier to its forward position.

24. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mpuntedon theframe, a breech-bolt carrier movably mounted on the frame, a carrierbolt rigidly secured to the carrier, a breech bolt section pivotallymounted on'the` carrier, said support having 'an obstruction to thebackward movement of llO y'the vrb'reeclbbolt,I ,meansy iniiuenced byythe backward movement of they barrel support vto operate the pivotedbreech-bolt to .pass

said obstruction, and v means vfor returning the breech-bolt to itsforward position.y

' 25. A'irearm including a frame having a cam', a barrel supporttmovablymounted on to and having a part to engage said cam,

f said support vbowing an obstruction'k to backward movement of thebreech-bolt, connec' tions vbetween the breech-bolt and said supportyto' mover the 'formera into vengagement with the cam to permit'it topass saidfolo-r struction, and means for returning th breech-bolttor itsclosedv position.vr v f v f v f 26. A firearm includinga frame, acarrier vboltv and a breech-bolt mounted in the frame,

one of said bolts beingy mounted ifor pivotal; t movement independentlyof the other, a ir-r t ing'pin mountedvin the :breech-bolt anda strikermounted in the 'carrie-rfbolt, -means'v iniuenced by the breech-bolt in'its backward f movement tor vswing yit von v,itsv pivot, a nam-l v mer,and means for operating the hammer. t v. 27. A firearm including aframe, a carrier bolt and a breechoolt mounted vin the rame, one of saidbolts being mounted for pivotal vrnovenrlent independentlyof the other,a firing pin mounted inthe 'breech-bolt, a'fham-vv mer, means foroperating the hammer, fand' means vini-lfuencedy bythe backward movementof the breech bolt vto sw'ingiton'itsv yt pivot.

28. "A irearm including a lframe, a striker jsupported for longitudinalmovement by the" frame, a breech-bolt movable transversely to saidstriker, and also 'constructed to be moved longitudinally in the frameunder the forces of the explosive gases, a tiring pin mounted in thebreech-bolt, a hammer to engage said striker, means for operating thehammer, and means influenced by the backward movement of the breech-boltto swing it on its pivot.

29. A frame, a carrier bolt mounted for longitudinal movement in theframe, a striker mounted in the carrier bolt, a breechbolt 'mounted forlongitudinal movement in the frame and also having a movement transverseto the longitudinal movement of the carrier bolt, a firing pin mountedin the breech-bolt, a hammer to operate the striker, means for operatingthe hammer, and means iniiuenced by the backward movement of thebreech-bolt to impart said transverse movement thereto.

30. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt pivotally mounted at itsfront end in the frame, means for raising the back end of the breechbolt during the early part ofits backward movement, a firing pin mountedin thebreech-bolt, a hammer to operate the v 33, vAgrearm including asupport removablyr located vin the yframe and v Vhaving lugs.y engagingygrooves in theside 'ofi the frame, a breech-bolt carrier, a breech# boltvmounted'r on said carrier, av rreturningv inra-ees tiring pin, andmeans for operating the hammer.,v f, t

- 3l. A firearm including a frame,v iring f mechanism mounted in theframe and infrom the forward end of the breech-bolt,

ejector having slots therein, pins pro- ]ecting through said'slotsto'hold theejector f v v in place, and a spring located in one of said iilgotsfansl rressingaeainstone Ofvsaid Pills and against thev ejector tovnormallyy press its 1 t l v t end out of theforward end of the breech-32. A ir'earm including a. frame, a barrel y support 4.removably mountedin the frame vrand having guide'lugs engaging ygrooves vin ,t t

the side part of the frame, a breech-bolt car-r ricr, afbreech-boltlocated on said carrier, ifmeansffor operating'the'breechfboluanda:

manuallyoperated latch accessible 'from out' side :ofthe frame withv itsend disposed to hold saidl support in place. i

frame, a barrel spring acting against the carrier, means for ing thebarrel support in the frame,

y v34. A firearmfincluding a frame, a barrel support ,movably mounted inthe frame, a breech-bolt carrier, a breech-bolt mounted on .the carrierin position to engage the support, a returnlng' spring acting againstthe barrel support, means forl transferring the force of said spring tosaid frame, and means for locking said support within the frame.

35. A irearm including a frame, a barrel support removably mounted inthe frame a breech-bolt carrier, a breech-bolt mounted on said carrierin position to engage the support, a stop projecting from the barrelsupport into a cavity in the frame to engage the end wall thereof, abase resting against said stop and adapted to engage shoulders on thesaid hammer, a spring 1n engagement with said member, a trigger, meanscoperating with the trigger to place tension upon said spring as thetrigger is moved, a detent to hold said member, and a trip connectedwith the detent to release said member to permit the hammer to operateunder the influence of said spring.

ytransmitting the force of said spring against said frame, and means forremovably hold,r u

37. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism including ahammer mounted in the frame, a lever mounted in the frame with one endin engagement with the hammer, a spring engaging the opposite end of'the lever, a trigger, means connected with the trigger to increase thetension of' the spring as the trigger is pulled, a detent for holdingsaid lever, and a trip operated by the trigger to release the detent andpermit the lever to throw the hammer forward.

38. A firearm including a frame, a hammer mounted in the frame, a memberengaging the hammer to operate it, a spring in engagement with saidmember, a trigger pivotally mounted in the frame, a compressing lever inengagement with said spring, said lever being pivotally mounted on thetrigger to compress the spring as the trigger is moved, a detent forholding said member, and means connected with the trigger to releasesaid detent and permit said member to operate the hammer.

39. A firearm including aframe and a firing mechanism including a hammermounted in the frame, an actuating member for said hammer, a springcompressed against said member, a trigger pivotally mounted in theframe, a compressing member operatively connected with the trigger tocompress said spring in the movement of the trigger, a detent, and meansconnecting the detent with the trigger to operate the latter to releasesaid actuating member to operate the hammer.

40. A firearm including a frame, a hammer movably mounted in the frame,an actuating member mounted in the frame, a spring for said actuatingmember, acompressing member, a trigger pivotally mounted in the frame,means connecting the trigger and compressing member to operate thelatter to compress the spring, a detent to engage, the actuating memberto hold it against movement, and a trip pivotally mounted on the triggerto engage the detent to release it from said actuating member.

41. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism including ahammer movably mounted in the frame, an actuating member pivotallymounted in the frame, a trigger pivotally mounted in the frame, a

spring in engagement with said actuatingmember, a compressing memberpivotally mounted on the trigger to engage said spring, a detentpivotally mounted on the trigger to engage said actuating member, atrip, and a connection between the trip and trigger to operate the tripto release said detent.

42. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism including ahammer pivotally mounted in the frame, an actuating lever pivotallymounted in thel frame with one ing said member, a pivotally mountedtrigger, a compressing member pivotally mounted on the trigger," adetent pivotally mounted on the trigger to engage said compressingmember to compress the spring as the trigger is moved, said detent alsoengaging said actuating member, and a trip operatively' connected withthe trigger to release said detent.

44. A firearm including a `frame and liring mechanism mounted in theframe and including a pivotally mounted trigger, said firing mechanismalso including operating parts pivotally mounted thereon and controlledin their operations by the pivotal movement of the trigger, a lockinglever pivotally mounted in the frame to engage the `pivotally mountedparts on the trigger and prevent its movement, and a projection fromsaid locking lever extendingbeyond the outer surface ofthe frame.

45. A firearm including a frame and firing mechanism including a hammermounted inthe frame, a hammer actuating member, a locking and cookinglever pivotally supported at one end in the frame and projecting acrosssaid member, and means for pressing said lever into contact with saidmember to prevent its operation.

46. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in theframe to be automatically operated by the forces of eX- plosion, abreech-bolt retaining lever, connections between said lever andbreech-bolt to positively lock the latter in its closed position, andmeans for manually actuating said lever to unlock the breech-bolt.

47. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in theframe, a breechbolt lever pivotally mounted in the frame, a magazine,connections between the floor of the magazine and said lever foractuating the latter, said connections being rendered effective upon theremoval of the last cartridge from the magazine, and means upon saidlever to loclrthe breech-bolt in its closed position and to engage saidbolt to hold it in its open position.

48. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in theframe, a breech-bolt lever pivotally mounted in the frame, a magazine,connections between the floor of the magazine and said lever foractuating the latter, said connections being rendered effective upon theremovalof the last cartridge from the magazine, means vupon said leverto I position and to engage said bolt vto hold it in itsopen position,and meansfor manually operating said lever. i 49. A firearm including aframe, a breechbolt movably Vmounted in the frame, a breech-boltretaining lever, connections between said lever and breech-bolt to heldthe latter in its closed position, a ring mechanism including a safetymember, a safety lock to engage said safety member and prevent itsmovement, and connections between said lock and breech-bolt retaininglever to operate the latter.

50. A rearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably breech-boltretaining lever to lock said breech-bolt in its closed position, `ahammer, an actuating member for the hammer, means for locking saidactuating member, a safety member, a safety lock to prevent movement ofsaid safety member, and connections between said lock and breech-boltretaining lever to actuate the latter and also to prevent movement ofthe actuating member lock.

5l. A firearm including a frame, a firing mechanism including a hammermounted in the frame, an actuating member therefor, a

' spring for said actuating member, a detent to hold said actuatingmember, a trip to engage said detent to release it from the actuatingmember, means for pressing the detent in engagement with the actuatingmember, means for releasing said trip from the detent immediately uponrelease of the latterirom said actuating member, and connections betweensaid trip and trigger for operating the latter.

52. A firearm including a frame and firv ing mechanism mounted on theframe and including a hammer, an actuating member therefor, a spring forsaid actuating member, a compressing member for said spring, a detentengaging said compressing member to receive the force of said spring,said detent also engaging said actuator, a trip underlyingV the end ofsaid actuating member to be moved thereby, a pivotally mount-- edtrigger, and connections between the trigger and trip to move the latterto release the detent.

53. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism including ahammer mounted in the frame, an actuating member for the hammer, apivotally mounted trigger aspring to engage said actuating member, acompressing member connected with the trigger to compress the spring, adetent operatively connected with the trigger to actu-l ate said member,a trip operatively conmounted 1n the frame, a-

lock the breech-bolt in itsclosed v ating member,

lmounted in the frame,

nected with the trigger to release said detent, and a recocking pinoperatively connected with the trigger to recock the mechanism.

54. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism mounted in theframe, an actuating member for the hammer, a pivotally mounted trigger,a detent to hold said actuating member, a trip operatively connectedwith the trigger to disengage said detent from said actuating member,and a projection on said trip positioned back of said detent to preventits accidental disengagement from said' hammer actuating member. a 55. Arearmincluding a frame and a firing mechanism including a p hammermounted in the'rame, an actuating member for the hammer, a pivotallyV4mounted trigger, a detent to engage said hammer actuating member, anda trip pivotally mounted on the trigger and having a projectionpositioned to engage the frame to insure disengagement of the trip fromthe detent. v 56. A firearm including a frame and a firing mechanism anactuating member for the hammer, a pivotally mounted trigger,a detent toengage said hammer actuand a trip pivotally mounted on the trigger andhaving a projection positioned to-prevent accidental disengagement ofthe detent from the hammer actuating member and also to engage the frame'to insure disengagement of the trip from the 57. A firearm including aframe, a breechbolt and ,a carrier bolt, one of said bolts beingpivotally mounted, a firing pin mounted in the breech-bolt, a strikerpin mounted in the carrier bolt, and a projection from the pivotallygage the pin in the other bolt to prevent engagement of the two pins inthe pivotal movement of said pivoted bolt.

58. Al firearm including a frame, a'carrier bolt and a-breechboltmounted in the frame, one of said bolts being pivotally mounted, a pinmounted in one of said bolts, a projection from said lpivotally mountedbolt extending beyond the'end of the pin therein, and a pin located inthe other bolt and positioned to be engaged by said projection.

59. A rearm including a frame, a carrier bolt mounted therein, abreech-bolt pivotally supported by the frame, a firing pin mounted inthe breech-bolt, a striker pin mounted in the carrier bolt, and aprojection from the breech-bolt extending beyond the end of the firingpin in position to hit the striker 'pin in the pivotal movement of thebreech-bolt and prevent contact of said ins. p 60. A firearm including'aframe. a barrel support movably inclosed Within the frame including ahammer` including a hammer.

mounted bolt positioned to en-l with intersecting lateral andlongitudinal grooves formed in the meeting walls of said parts, saidgrooves opening at the surface of the frame to the atmosphere, and meansfor forcing a circulation of air through said grooves. v

61. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably-inclosedwithin the frame with a series of lateral grooves and a series ofylongitudinal grooves, each of said series being formed in 'one of themeeting walls of one of said parts, and means for-forcing a circulationof airthrough said grooves.

62. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably inclosedwithin the frame, said frame having a chamber extending for asubstantial distance lengthwise thereof, said barrel support forming onewall of said chamber, a series of lengthwise and a series .of vcrosswisegrooves intersecting one another and located in the meeting faces of theframe and barrel support and opening a't the surface of the frame to theatmosphere, and means within said chamber for forcing a circulation ofair through said grooves.

63. A frame, parts movably supported by the frame, passages locatedbetween said movable parts and opening -to the outer surface of thestructure to provide for a circulation of air, said frame having achamber communicating with said passages, a

member movably located in said chamber, a

breech-bolt movably mounted on the frame, and operative connectionsbetween said movable member and breech-bolt;

' 64. A firearm including a frame having a chamber therein, partsmovably supported on the frame and having passages located between themand opening to the atmosphere to provide for a circulation of air, abreech-bolt carrier, and a -member connected with said carrier andlocated in said chamber to forcev a circulation of air through saidpassages. 65. A firearm including a frame having a groove formed in itsupper surface, a barrel support movably mountedon the frame and formingthe upper wall of said groove thereby constituting a chamber for thecompression of air, said parts having passages opening tothe atmospherefor the circulation of air, a breech-bolt movably mounted in the frame,a member constituting the end of said chamber, and means operativelyconnecting said member and the breech-bolt to cause a circulation of airthrough said passages.

66. A firearm including a frame having a groove in its upper surface,abarrel support movably mounted in the frame and forming the upper Wallof said groove, constituting a compression chamber, said. parts havingpassages between their meeting walls opening to the atmosphere and tosaid chamber for the circulation of air, a breechbolt 'movably mountedin the frame, a member constituting one wall of said chamber, a springlocated in said chamber and thrusting against said wall, and operativeconnections between the breech-bolt and said member to cause movement ofthe latter.

67. A firearm including a. frame,a breechbolt carrier movably mounted inthe frame, said parts being arranged with passages for the circulationof air between said parts.

68. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted in theframe, a breech-bolt carrier movabli7 mounted in .the frame, said partsbeing arranged with passages for the circulation of air therearound.

'69. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted inthe frame, said parts having a recess and passages for the circulationof air into said recess, and means for increasing and decreasing thearea of said recess.

70. A firearm including a frame, a barrel support movably mounted in theframe, a breech-bolt carrier movably mounted in the frame andindependently7 of the barrel suplcocked position, said detent andactuating member bein-g formed to impart initial accelerating movementto the actuating member b v the detent.

72. A rearm including a frame, a 'firing mechanism mounted thereon andincluding a hammer, a hammer actuating member, a pivotall7 mountedtrigger frame, a detent mounted on said frame to engage said actuatingmember, the engaging surfaces of the detent and actuating memberbeingformed to impart initial accelerating movement to said actuatingmember by the detent, means for forcing the actuating member intoengagement with the detent, means for operating the trigger frame, and acooking pin secured to said frame to engage said actuating member tocock the hammer.

73. A firearm including a frame, a firing mechanism mounted thereon andincluding a hammer, an actuating member in engagel Vof the hammer,cluded in said 'said spring to adapted to engage said actuating memberto automatically place the hammer in cocked position.

74. A firearm including a frame, a firing mechanism mounted thereon andincluding a hammer, an actuating member for said hammer, and meansconnected with said trigger and said actuating means to automaticallyplace the hammer in cocked position.

75. A firearm including a frame, a firing mechanism mounted thereon andincluding a hammer, an actuating member for said hammer, a trigger foroperating Vsaid actuating member, means actuated by the trigger forforcing the actuating member to place the hammer in cocked position, abar to engage `said actuating member to move it to place the hammer in.ycocked position, and means for actuating said bar.

76. A firearm including a frame, parts having a slidable bearing withinthe frame, and grooves formed in the slidable bearing surface to reducethe expansion in a direction laterally to that of the sliding movementof the parts. l

77. A firearm including a frame, parts having a slidable bearin withinthe frame, grooves formed in a sli able surface to reduce the expansionin a direction laterally to that of sliding movement of the parts, andmeans for introducing air into said grooves.

78. A firearm including a frame, parts slidably mounted in the frame andhaving crosswise and lengthwise grooves formed in a sliding surface toreduce expansion in a direction laterally to that of sliding movement ofthe parts, said grooves opening to ermit the entrance of air thereto andcirculation therethrough.

79. A firearm including a frame and firing mechanism mounted therein andincluding a hammer, a spring to effect movement and self-acting meansinfiring mechanism'l to cause force the hammer into firing and to recockit. firearm including position 80. A a frame and firing mechanismmounted therein and including a hammer, a spring for effecting movementof the hammer, and self-acting means included in said firing mechanismfor causing the spring to exert pressure at one end to force the hammerto firing position and at the other end to recock it.

8.1.. A firearm including a frame and liring mechanism mounted thereinand including a hammer, a spring to effect operation of the hammer, anda connection between the hammer and spring and including a movabletrigger frame and members mounted upon the frameV to cause the spring toforce the hammer to firing position and also to recock it.

82. A firearm including a frame and firing mechanism mounted in theframe and including a hammer, an actuator for said hammer, a springseated against said actuator, means for compressing the spring to forcethe hammer to firingposition, and means for transmitting thev force ofthe spring to move the hammer to cocked position.

83. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in theframe, a breech-bolt retaining lever, connections between said lever andbreech-bolt to lock the latter in its opened or in its closed positions,and means for manually actuating said lever to lock or unlock thebreech-bolt.

84. A firearm including a frame, a breechbolt movably mounted in theframe, a breech-bolt retaining lever, connections between said lever andbreech-bolt to lock the latter in its open or in its closed positions,means for manually actuating said lever to lock or unlock thebreech-bolt, a magazine including a movable follower, and connectionsbetween saidr follower and said lever for actuating the latter upon theremoval from the magazine of the last cartridge.

THOMAS F. HARTIGAN.

Witnesses A.VE. OBRIEN, ARTHUR B. JENKINS.

